建筑結(jié)構(gòu)用高強(qiáng)度鋼材力學(xué)性能研究進(jìn)展*
班慧勇，施剛，石永久，王元清
- 摘 要
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班慧勇，施剛，石永久，王元清(土木工程安全與耐久教育部重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，清華大學(xué)土木工程系，北京 100084)［摘要］隨著鋼材生產(chǎn)工藝的提高，新型高強(qiáng)度、高性能結(jié)構(gòu)鋼材出現(xiàn)；由于目前鋼結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計規(guī)范和鋼材標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對結(jié)構(gòu)鋼材的力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)有著嚴(yán)格的限值要求，特別是屈強(qiáng)比，高強(qiáng)度鋼材鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用受到了制約。全面介紹國內(nèi)外建筑結(jié)構(gòu)用高強(qiáng)度鋼材的生產(chǎn)工藝和牌號種類，總結(jié)包括歐洲、北美、澳大利亞、日本和中國在內(nèi)的國內(nèi)外規(guī)范標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對結(jié)構(gòu)鋼材力學(xué)性能的要求，并對幾個重要的力學(xué)性能指標(biāo)，如屈強(qiáng)比、斷后伸長率等進(jìn)行對比分析，整理大量國內(nèi)外高強(qiáng)度鋼材材性試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)和研究進(jìn)展，分析并得到其力學(xué)性能特點(diǎn)，提出適用于數(shù)值計算的材料本構(gòu)模型。研究結(jié)果表明，新型高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼材在具有高韌性的同時也具有較高的屈強(qiáng)比和較低的斷后伸長率，且往往超過大多數(shù)規(guī)范的限值規(guī)定，這大大限制了此類鋼材鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的工程應(yīng)用。因此，需要進(jìn)一步討論和定量研究鋼材力學(xué)性能與結(jié)構(gòu)安全性的關(guān)系，研究是否可以適當(dāng)放松規(guī)范對結(jié)構(gòu)鋼材力學(xué)性能的限值規(guī)定。該研究有利于更合理全面地認(rèn)識高強(qiáng)度結(jié)構(gòu)鋼材的力學(xué)性能特點(diǎn)和相應(yīng)的規(guī)范限值規(guī)定，促進(jìn)高強(qiáng)度鋼材鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)研究工作，也有利于高強(qiáng)度鋼材鋼結(jié)構(gòu)的工程應(yīng)用和規(guī)范修訂。［關(guān)鍵詞］高強(qiáng)度鋼材；力學(xué)性能；規(guī)范限值；研究進(jìn)展中圖分類號：TU391 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2013)02-0088-07Research advances on mechanical properties of high strength structural steelsBan Huiyong, Shi Gang, Shi Yongjiu, Wang Yuanqing(Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Safety and Durability of China Education Ministry, Department of Civil Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)Abstract: With the improvement of the steel production process, high strength and high performance steels have been developed. However, the development and engineering application of high strength steel structures were constrained as a result of the strict limit requirement on structural steel material properties according to most of the design codes, especially for the yield-tensile strength ratio (Y/T ratio). The production process and steel grade of high strength structural steels were introduced comprehensively, and the limit requirements in different steel structure design codes were reviewed, including those of Europe, North America, Australia, Japan and China, and the comparison for some important mechanical property indexes such as Y/T ratio and elongation after fracture was conducted. Besides, a large amount of tension coupon test data and research advances for high strength steels were arranged, the material property features were researched, and the stressstrain relationship model used for the numerical study was proposed. Results show that high strength structural steels have wonderful toughness but also larger Y/T ratio and lower elongation compared with those of ordinary strength steels, which may exceed most of the code limits, and this greatly constrains the application of such steel structures. Therefore, the relationship between the steel mechanical property and structure safety needs to be discussed and researched quantitatively, as well as whether the requirement in the design codes can be relaxed. It is helpful to comprehend the high strength steel material property and relevant code requirements, and to promote the high strength steel structure researches.It is useful for the engineering application and code revision.Keywords: high strength steel; mechanical property; code limit value; research advance*國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目（51078205）參考文獻(xiàn)［1］International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering. Use and application of high-performance steels for steel structures［M］. 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