有限土體主動土壓力計(jì)算的土拱效應(yīng)分析*
楊明輝，汪羅成，趙明華
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楊明輝，汪羅成，趙明華（湖南大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院，長沙 410082）［摘要］基于墻后土體為半無限土體假定的經(jīng)典土壓力理論不適用于有限土體土壓力計(jì)算。分析了墻后有限土體的破壞模式及位移特征，并考慮應(yīng)力偏轉(zhuǎn)現(xiàn)象分析了有限土體中的成拱效應(yīng)。在此基礎(chǔ)上，基于水平薄層法分析了有限土體主動土壓力分布特征，給出了有限土體主動土壓力強(qiáng)度的理論計(jì)算方法。該方法可較好地考慮有限土體寬度及土拱效應(yīng)對土壓力分布造成的影響。與試驗(yàn)實(shí)測數(shù)據(jù)對比表明，相比經(jīng)典土壓力理論，該方法的計(jì)算值更接近于實(shí)測值，可供相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算參考。對影響有限土體土壓力分布的主要參數(shù)進(jìn)行了初步研究，如土體計(jì)算寬度、土體黏聚力及內(nèi)摩擦角。結(jié)果表明：不同參數(shù)取值并未改變有限土壓力沿深度的分布規(guī)律；同一深度處，土壓力值隨計(jì)算寬度與土體摩擦角的增大而增大，但隨土體黏聚力的增加而減小。［關(guān)鍵詞］有限土體；主動土壓力；土拱效應(yīng)；模型試驗(yàn)；水平薄層法中圖分類號：TU443.15 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2013)02-0071-05Calculation of active earth pressure for finite soils based on the soil arching theoryYang Minghui, Wang Luocheng, Zhao Minghua(Civil Engineering Department of Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)Abstract: Based on the fact, the classical earth pressure theory that assumes the soil behind the wall being semi-infinite soil is not suitable for the pressure calculation of finite soil. Failure modes and displacement characteristics of finite soil behind the wall were analyzed, and its arching effect was also analyzed by considering stress deflection phenomenon. On this basis, active earth pressure distribution of finite soil and its theoretical calculation method were given based on horizontal thin layer method. The method can well consider the width of finite soil and influence of soil arching effect on earth pressure distribution. Comparing with the test measured data shows that calculation values obtained by the method are more close to the measured value than those obtained by classical earth pressure theory, which can be reference for the relevant design calculation. The main parameters which influence the earth pressure distribution of finite soil were studied preliminarily, such as soil calculation width, cohesion and internal friction angle of the soil. The results show that different values of the different parameters can not change the finite soil’s pressure distribution along the depth, at the same depth, soil pressure values of the soil increase with the increase of the soil’s calculation width and cohesion, and decrease with the increase of the soil’s internal friction angle.Keywords: finite soil; active earth pressure; soil arching effect; model test; horizontal thin layer method*國家自然科學(xué)基金（51278184），教育部博士點(diǎn)基金（20070532008），湖南大學(xué)青年教師成長資助項(xiàng)目。參考文獻(xiàn)［1］ JGJ 120—2012 建筑基坑支護(hù)技術(shù)規(guī)程［S］. 北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2012.［2］ WANG Y Z. Distribution of earth pressure on a retaining wall［J］. Geotechnique, 2000, 50(1): 83-88.［3］ 周含川. 有限土體主動土壓力計(jì)算及探討［J］. 重慶建筑, 2009,12(8): 34-37.［4］ 高印立. 極限分析法計(jì)算有限范圍土體土壓力［J］. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu), 2001, 31(8): 66-68.［5］ 王文杰, 曾進(jìn)群, 陳小丹. 深基坑開挖中有限土體土壓力計(jì)算方法探討［J］. 巖土工程界, 2004, 8(3): 30-31.［6］ 馬平, 秦四清,錢海濤. 有限土體主動土壓力計(jì)算［J］. 巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào), 2008, 27(增刊1):3070-3074.［7］ KINGSLEY H W. Arch in soil arching［J］. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, 1989, 115(3): 415-419.［8］ 胡敏云, 夏永承, 高渠清. 樁排式支護(hù)護(hù)壁樁樁側(cè)土壓力計(jì)算原理［J］. 巖石力學(xué)與工程學(xué)報(bào), 2000, 19(3): 376-379.［9］ 應(yīng)宏偉, 蔣波, 謝康和. 平行豎墻間的土拱效應(yīng)與側(cè)土壓力計(jì)算［J］. 水利學(xué)報(bào), 2006, 37(11):1303-1308.［10］ 蔣波, 應(yīng)宏偉, 謝康和, 等. 平動模式下?lián)跬翂Ψ菢O限狀態(tài)主動土壓力計(jì)算［J］. 中國公路學(xué)報(bào), 2005, 18(2): 24-27.［11］ TERZAGHI K. Theoretical soil mechanics［M］. New York:Wiley, 1943.［12］ FANG Y S, ISHIBASHI I. Static earth pressures with various wall movements ［J］. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering，ASCE, 1986, 112 (3):317-333.
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