上海世博會中國國家館屋蓋鋼結構設計與分析
許名鑫，陳福熙，周越洲，周漢香
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許名鑫，陳福熙，周越洲，周漢香（華南理工大學建筑設計研究院，廣州 510641）［摘要］2010年上海世博會中國國家館上大下小、四棱臺斗冠狀外形使其屋蓋豎向支撐較少，主梁梁端最大彎矩設計值達到486萬kN·m，在建筑凈高受限的條件下，采用常規(guī)主梁難以承擔。介紹了屋蓋桁架主梁、工字鋼組合次梁、屋蓋板設計中的難點、重點和相關構造做法，給出了在桁架端部采用鋼板圍套加強以減小弦桿局部彎矩、上弦桿貫通3片剪力墻利用栓釘?shù)幕茰p小弦桿巨大軸力在單片剪力墻墻肢內引起的剪力的措施。并由有限元分析驗證了上述技術措施的可行性。最后進行了在n個點上生成n個隨機體重、隨機頻率的人行荷載時程下的屋蓋豎向振動全過程分析，多組隨機分析即蒙特卡洛法分析結果表明，屋蓋的豎向振動舒適度滿足要求。［關鍵詞］上海世博會；中國國家館；鋼桁架；組合梁；有限元分析；局部彎矩；剪力；豎向振動中圖分類號：TU391，TU318 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2013)02-0001-06Steel structure design and analysis on roof of China Pavilion at the World Expo 2010 ShanghaiXu Mingxin, Chen Fuxi, Zhou Yuezhou, Zhou Hanxiang(Architectural Design and Research Institute of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China)Abstract: The roof of China Pavilion at the World Expo 2010 Shanghai has less vertical support, because its shape of bigger on top and smaller on the bottom is like an inverse quadrangular frustum pyramid crown. Maximal value of bending moment in the girder is 48 600kN·m. However, general girder could not bear it under the limitation of net storey height. Difficulties, emphases in design and correlative detailing of truss girder, I-steel composite secondary beam, roof slab were introduced. To reduce local moment in member, steel plates were used for reinforcement, encircling the chords between the upper and down chords at the end of truss girder. The huge axial forces from the chords would cause shear force in single shearing wall. In the case of upper chords penetrating three shear walls, the stud slippage was utilized to reduce the shear force. The feasibility of the technological measures above has been proved by finite element analysis. Lastly, vertical vibration complete process of the roof was accomplished under n walking loads time history with random avoirdupois and random frequency. The results of large number random analysis namely Monte Carlo method show that the roof can satisfy the comfort demand.Keywords: World Expo 2010 Shanghai; China Pavilion; steel truss; composite beam; finite element analysis; local moment; shear force; vertical vibration參考文獻［1］ 方小丹，韋 宏，陳福熙，等．上海世博會中國館國家館結構設計與研究［J］．建筑結構，2009，39(5)：84-89．［2］ JOHNSON R P，MOLENSTRA N. Partial shear connection in composite beams for buildings ［J］. Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings, 1991,91(4): 679-704．［3］ 余小紅，許偉，程袆輝．鋼-混凝土組合梁非線性分析在ANSYS中的實現(xiàn)［J］．四川建筑，2007，27(4)：101-105.［4］ GB 50017—2003 鋼結構設計規(guī)范［S］．北京：中國計劃出版社，2003.［5］ JGJ 3—2010 高層建筑混凝土結構技術規(guī)程［S］．北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2011.［6］ 張高明．火車站站房結構在人行和列車激勵作用下的振動舒適度問題研究［D］．北京：中國建筑科學研究院，2008．
