- 摘 要
-
薛彥濤
（中國建筑科學(xué)研究院抗震所，北京100013）[摘要] 磚混結(jié)構(gòu)在汶川地震中大量破壞和倒塌，本文通過磚混結(jié)構(gòu)的震害，分析磚混結(jié)構(gòu)破壞和倒塌的主要原因有：地震烈度過大、建筑施工質(zhì)量、結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造措缺失、縱墻抗震承載力不足、斷層等因素。在磚混結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計中建議采取嚴控磚混結(jié)構(gòu)層數(shù)、增加薄弱部位的構(gòu)造柱設(shè)置、底框結(jié)構(gòu)抗震墻建議采用鋼筋混凝土抗震墻、改進預(yù)制樓板中圈梁的布置和配筋、學(xué)校磚混教學(xué)樓中的教室內(nèi)大梁下應(yīng)設(shè)置構(gòu)造柱并增加構(gòu)造配筋等措施。從磚混結(jié)構(gòu)震害看，現(xiàn)行建筑抗震鑒定標準的抗震設(shè)防目標偏低。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 汶川地震；磚混結(jié)構(gòu)；底框結(jié)構(gòu)；震害；破壞倒塌；圈梁；構(gòu)造柱
Analysis and Design Improvements for Damages of Masonry Structure from the Wenchuan Earthquake
Xue Yantao
( China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China)Abstract: There are many masonry structures damaged or collapsed in the wenchuan earthquake. In this paper, the main reasons of the earthquake damage and collapsed of masonry structures are analyzed, which are the large earthquake intensity, the construction quality, the lack of the constructional measures, the lower strength of longitudinal wall, faults, etc. Therefore, it is suggested in masonry structure design that the height of masonry structure should be controlled, the constructional column should be set to protect the weak parts of structure, the the brick wall should be replaced by concrete wall in frarue - shear wall in the first story, the ring beam and its reinforcement should be improved in the precast slab floor, the beam in the classroom of schools shall be supported by constructional column and the reinforcement should be increased. The seismic fortification objective of current "Building aseismic appraisal g standards" is too low to protect the life of people and must be raised to the no collapse of building during the rarely earthquake.
Keywords: Wenchuan 5.12 earthquake; Masonry structure; the brick structure with frame - shear wall in the first story; Seismic damage and collapse; Constructional column and ring beam
