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張?jiān)?nbsp; 李盛勇
（廣東省建筑設(shè)計(jì)研究院  廣州 510010）

[提要]  結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中不僅必須重視屬于結(jié)構(gòu)外部因素的“力”，而且要牢牢地掌握及控制好屬于結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部因素的“剛度”。前者所涉及的力的平衡、結(jié)構(gòu)或構(gòu)件變形的協(xié)調(diào)以及由此而產(chǎn)生的構(gòu)件內(nèi)力都是通過后者所包含的絕對(duì)剛度、線剛度及相連構(gòu)件之間的相對(duì)剛度來體現(xiàn)的。通過舉例，敘述并分析剛度理論在整體結(jié)構(gòu)及單一構(gòu)件中的體現(xiàn)，從中折射出剛度理論在結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中所起的重要作用，有助于結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)人員對(duì)剛度理論有。個(gè)清醒的認(rèn)識(shí)和清晰的概念，并在具體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)中科學(xué)地運(yùn)用，避免結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生不安全因素，以達(dá)到結(jié)構(gòu)受力合理且能獲得最佳經(jīng)濟(jì)效益的目的。
[關(guān)鍵詞]  結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)  力  剛度  絕對(duì)剛度  相對(duì)剛度  概念設(shè)計(jì)

In the structural design, the factors, which need to be concerned and controlled well, include not only the external forces, but also the internal rigidity. The former factors, such as the equilibrium of forces, the deformation of structures as well as the internal stresses, are all mainly lied on the later factors, including absolute rigidity,linear rigidity and relative rigidity between members. Some examples are given to present the theory of rigidity and analyze its application in members and structures to reflect the theory's importance in the structural design. It will also help the designers establish clear and correct concepts, apply them efficiently at work, avoid any unsafe factors in structures, at last achieve rational structures and best economic effects.
Keywords: structural design; force; rigidity; absolute rigidity; relative rigidity