- 摘 要
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（1 上海市建筑科學(xué)研究院有限公司， 上海 200032； 2 上海市工程結(jié)構(gòu)安全重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室， 上海 200032）
［摘要］上海近代磚木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋是中西建筑形式和生活方式相互交融的典型，但磚木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋往往缺乏有效維護(hù)，老房子耐久性、安全性和使用性問題突出?；谏虾＝u木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋設(shè)計(jì)資料及大量房屋檢測結(jié)果，統(tǒng)計(jì)上海近代磚木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋典型結(jié)構(gòu)特征，得到如下結(jié)論：上海近代磚木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋以民用建筑為主，少數(shù)為公共建筑、工業(yè)建筑和特殊建筑，房屋層數(shù)多數(shù)為二層和三層；1920—1940年是上海地產(chǎn)業(yè)最興旺的時(shí)期，但至新中國成立前期，新建建筑數(shù)量大為減少；大部分房屋磚強(qiáng)度等級可以達(dá)到MU10和MU7.5，砂漿強(qiáng)度推定值介于1.4～1.9MPa之間，混凝土強(qiáng)度等級介于C10～C20之間，鋼筋強(qiáng)度等級達(dá)到HPB235；絕大多數(shù)磚木結(jié)構(gòu)房屋采用瓦屋面，個(gè)別采用金屬屋面和油毛氈屋面，多數(shù)房屋外墻采用水泥拉毛墻面和清水墻面；大部分房屋墻體和樓屋面存在滲水情況或存在水漬，一半以上房屋存在木構(gòu)件開裂和墻體開裂情況，木構(gòu)件腐朽或蟲蛀、鋼筋銹脹、磚墻風(fēng)化也較為普遍，部分房屋存在改建加建情況。
［關(guān)鍵詞］磚木結(jié)構(gòu)；既有結(jié)構(gòu)；統(tǒng)計(jì)分析；構(gòu)造做法
中圖分類號：TU362文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A文章編號：1002-848X(2021)06-0092-07
Statistics and analysis of typical structural characteristics of modern brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai
BAI Xue1,2
(1 Shanghai Research Institute of Building Sciences Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200032, China; 2 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Engineering Structure Safety, Shanghai 200032, China)
Abstract:The modern brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai are typical of the integration of Chinese and Western architectural forms and life styles. However, the brick and wood structure houses are often lack of effective maintenance, and the durability, safety and usability of the old houses are prominent. Based on the design data of modern brick and wood structure house in Shanghai and the test results of a large number of house, statistics of the typical structural characteristics of modern brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai were made, and the following conclusions were obtained: brick and wood structure houses in Shanghai are mainly civil buildings, and a few are public buildings, industrial buildings and special buildings, and most buildings are two and three stories. The period from 1920 to 1940 was the most prosperous period of Shanghai′s real estate industry, but the number of new buildings was greatly reduced until the early days of the founding of the People′s Republic of China. Most brick strength grades of the houses could reach MU10 and MU7.5, the mortar strength value was between 1.4 and 1.9MPa, the strength of concrete was between C10 and C20, and the strength of reinforcement was up to HPB235. Most brick and wood structure houses use tile roofs, some use metal roofs and linoleum felt roofs, and most houses adopt rough cement walls and clear water walls. Most houses have water seepage or water stains on the walls and roofs. More than half of the houses have cracks on the wood components and walls, wood components are rotten or moth eaten, steel bars are rusted and brick walls are weathered. Some houses have reconstruction and added construction.
Keywords:brick and wood structure;existing structure;statistical analysis;structural method
*上海市科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會科研項(xiàng)目（19DZ1202400），上海市建筑科學(xué)研究院集團(tuán)科研創(chuàng)新課題（KY10000038-20190003）。
作者簡介：白雪，博士，工程師，Email: 466060242@qq.com。
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