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（云南省地震工程研究院， 昆明 650041）
［摘要］2014年8月3日云南魯?shù)?.5級地震震級不高，但極震區(qū)地震烈度達(dá)到9度，震害嚴(yán)重。震害調(diào)查表明，極震區(qū)龍頭山鎮(zhèn)建筑震害差異巨大，地形、地基土不同和斷裂影響可能是造成建筑震害差異的主要原因。龍頭山鎮(zhèn)建有不同時期的各類建筑，其中嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范設(shè)計建造的房屋，絕大多數(shù)未倒塌，但也暴露出一些較普遍的問題，如：砌體結(jié)構(gòu)和框架結(jié)構(gòu)普遍出現(xiàn)底層嚴(yán)重破壞甚至倒塌；框架結(jié)構(gòu)“強(qiáng)柱弱梁”機(jī)制普遍未能實現(xiàn)等?？拐鸫胧┎坏轿坏睦吓f建筑和農(nóng)村自建房則多數(shù)倒塌。通過對多層砌體、框架和簡易民居典型震害的分析，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)，提出有關(guān)建議。
［關(guān)鍵詞］魯?shù)榈卣穑?建筑震害； 場地條件； 斷裂； 砌體結(jié)構(gòu)； 框架結(jié)構(gòu)； 硬山擱檁房屋； 強(qiáng)柱弱梁
中圖分類號：TU375, TU352-1, P316文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A文章編號：1002-848X(2020)07-0028-09
Typical earthquake damage analysis of Ludian earthquake with Ms 6.5
AN Xiaowen， LI Dan
(Yunnan Institute Earthquake Engineering, Kunming 650041, China)
Abstract:The highest intensity of Ludian earthquake with Ms6.5 occurred on August 3, 2014 in Yunnan reached 9 degree. The earthquake caused a serious disaster. The investigation of earthquake damage show that there were great differences in building damage in the meizoseismal area of Longtoushan Town. Different terrain and foundation soil and the influence of fault may be the main probable causes for the difference of building damage. Longtoushan Town has built various kinds of buildings in different periods, among which the majority of houses designed in strict accordance with the seismic design code did not collapsed, but also revealed some problems, such as: masonry structure and RC frame structure appear serious damage to the ground floor or even collapsed, the RC frame structure were hard to bring about the “strong column and weak beam”. Most of the old buildings and rural self-built houses collapsed, especially those that did not setting seismic measures. Through the analyses of the typical earthquake damage of masonry structure, RC frame and simple dwellings, the experience and lessons were summarized and some suggestions for seismic resistance were proposed.
Keywords:Ludian earthquake; building seismic damage; site condition;fault; masonry structure; RC frame structure; structure of purlin roof on gable; strong column and weak beam
*國家科技支撐計劃項目（2012BAJ07B02）。
作者簡介：安曉文，研究員級高級工程師， Email:angxw@163.com。
