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（1 黑龍江大學(xué)水利電力學(xué)院， 哈爾濱 150086； 2 黑龍江大學(xué)建筑工程學(xué)院， 哈爾濱 150086）
［摘要］不均勻分布雪荷載是大跨度屋蓋重要設(shè)計荷載，雪密度特性對雪荷載產(chǎn)生直接影響。實測基于HOBO小型氣象站和Snow Fork雪特性分析儀獲得屋面風(fēng)速、風(fēng)向、雪密度等數(shù)據(jù)，詳細考察積雪厚度、溫度、太陽輻射、沉積時間等因素對雪密度的影響規(guī)律，并將實測雪密度數(shù)據(jù)與ISO 4355-2013規(guī)范中美國、日本、俄羅斯三國屋面雪密度公式計算值進行對比。結(jié)果表明，在積雪不穩(wěn)定期，積雪厚度增加、溫度升高、太陽輻射的增長都會導(dǎo)致雪密度增大；處于積雪穩(wěn)定期時，雪密度與沉積時間為連續(xù)性分布，并可通過最小二乘法擬合線性公式；ISO 4355-2013規(guī)范中俄羅斯雪密度公式考慮的變量參數(shù)對實測屋蓋有實際參考意義，美國、日本雪密度公式計算值與實測值相差較大。
［關(guān)鍵詞］雪密度； 影響規(guī)律； 最小二乘法； ISO 4355-2013
中圖分類號：TU973-213文獻標(biāo)識碼：A文章編號：1002-848X(2019)23-0050-05
Measurement and comparative analysis of snow density characteristics for typical flat roof
Zhao Jie1, Li Fanghui2, Tang Hao2
(1 College of Water Conservancy and Electricity, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, China;2 College of Civil Engineering, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150086, China)
Abstract:The unevenly distributed snow load is an important design load for large-span roofs, and the characteristics of snow density have a direct impact on snow load. Based on the data of wind speed, wind directions and snow density on the roof obtained by HOBO meteorological station and Snow Fork snow load characteristic analyzer, the effects that snow thickness, temperature, solar radiation and deposition time brought on snow density were studied. The measured snow density data were compared with calculated values of the snow density formulas of United States, Japan and Russia in ISO 4355-2013 standard. The results show that in unstable period of snow cover, snow density increases with the snow thickness increase, temperature rise and solar radiation increase. In the stable period of snow cover, the snow density and deposition time are in continuous distribution, and the linear formula can be fitted by the least square method. The variable parameters considered in the Russian snow density formula in ISO 4355-2013 standard have practical reference significance to the measured roof, and calculated values of the snow density formulas in United States and Japan are different from the measured values.
Keywords:snow density; influence rule; least square method; ISO 4355-2013
*國家自然科學(xué)基金面上項目(51478359，51778492)，國家重點研發(fā)計劃“智能型臨時支撐安全技術(shù)與裝置研究及示范”(2016YFC0802004)。
通訊作者：李方慧，博士，教授，碩士生導(dǎo)師，Email: lfh_2000@sina.com。
