- 摘 要
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（1 故宮博物院， 北京 100009； 2 中國地震局工程力學研究所， 哈爾濱 150080）
［摘要］針對我國古代城門磚拱券承載能力評估的問題，以故宮西華門的磚拱券為例，建立“拱券-夯土-側墻”平面有限元模型進行非線性分析，研究附加荷載下拱券的內力與變形情況，評估拱券的安全性能；并與傳統(tǒng)橋涵計算方法——彈性中心法進行分析對比，驗證了兩方法的實用性和有效性。結果表明，西華門磚拱券具有較大的安全儲備，附加荷載情況下結構安全。由于有限元法考慮了磚拱券與周圍土體的工作協(xié)同作用，其計算結果更趨合理；而彈性中心法計算相對簡單，所得的結果偏于保守，更適用于磚拱券結構性能的快速評估。
［關鍵詞］磚拱券； 承載能力； 有限元法； 彈性中心法
中圖分類號：TU362文獻標識碼：A文章編號：1002-848X(2016)15-0098-04
Structural analysis of the brick arches of Xihua Men in the Forbidden City
Zhao Shoujiang1, Dai Junwu2
（1 Palace Museum， Beijing 100009， China；2 Institute of Engineering Mechanics， China Earthquake Administration， Harbin 150080， China）
Abstract:In view of the evaluation methods of bearing capacity of China′s ancient brick arches, combined with example of brick arches of Xihua Men in the Forbidden City, a 2D finite element model including “arch-rammed earth-side wall” was built to carry out non-linear analysis to study the internal force and deformation of the arch under attached loads and the safety performance of the arch was evaluated. The finite element analysis method was compared with the elasticity center method which was the traditional calculation method for bridge and culvert, and the practicability and validity of the two methods were verified. The results show that the brick arches of Xihua Men have large safety reserve and are safe under attached loads. The finite element analysis method considers the work collaboration effect of brick arches and the surrounding soil, the calculation result is more reasonable. Elastic center method is relatively simple, and the result is partially conservative, so it′s more suitable for a rapid assessment of the structural performance of brick arch.
Keywords:brick arch; bearing capacity; finite element method; elastic center method
作者簡介：趙守江，碩士，助理館員，Email：zsj1987210@126.com。
