玉樹4.14地震建筑結(jié)構(gòu)震害調(diào)查與分析
王 成
- 摘 要
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(中國(guó)建筑科學(xué)研究院國(guó)家建筑工程質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)中心，北京 100013)［摘要］為進(jìn)一步明確玉樹地區(qū)房屋在地震中的倒塌破壞情況，進(jìn)而指導(dǎo)抗震設(shè)計(jì)，在建筑結(jié)構(gòu)震害現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)上，將該地區(qū)地震中損毀倒塌的房屋分為五個(gè)部分，即砌體結(jié)構(gòu)、框架砌體混合結(jié)構(gòu)、框架結(jié)構(gòu)、木結(jié)構(gòu)和農(nóng)民自建房，對(duì)每部分房屋的倒塌破損情況進(jìn)行了實(shí)例闡述，給出了建筑震害的初步原因；實(shí)例分析表明，建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的抗地震倒塌能力是地震區(qū)抗震防災(zāi)能力的最重要組成部分之一；貫徹和完善現(xiàn)行抗震設(shè)計(jì)理念與方法，加強(qiáng)村鎮(zhèn)房屋抗震管理迫在眉睫，基于性能的抗震設(shè)計(jì)方法在可靠度理論和 “投資效益”準(zhǔn)則下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)安全和經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的最優(yōu)化，能夠起到預(yù)防建筑結(jié)構(gòu)地震倒塌破壞的作用。［關(guān)鍵詞］玉樹地震；建筑震害；基于性能；抗震設(shè)計(jì)Investigation and analysis of building structure damage in Yushu EarthquakeWang Cheng(National Center for Quality Supervision and Test of Building Engineering,China Academy of Building Research，Beijing 100013，China)Abstract:In order to find the result of building damage of 4·14 Yushu earthquake and guide seismic design, five damage structural forms including masonry structure, frame-masonry structure, frame structure, timber structure and rural house, were brought out based on field survey of Yushu building damage. The damage result of all parts of building was brought forth and the damage reason was preliminarily concluded. The analysis shows that the earthquake resistance capability of building is one of the important parts of protecting against and mitigating disasters in earthquake area. It is important to carry out and improve idea and method of current seismic design. Enhancing seismic design supervision of village and small town building is also urgent. The performance-based seismic design would bring on the optimization of structural safety and economic advantage based on the reliability theory and cost-effectiveness criterion, which also can prevent or mitigate building damage resulted from earthquake.Keywords:Yushu earthquake; building damage; performance-based; seismic design作者簡(jiǎn)介：王成，高級(jí)工程師，Email:cwang@126.com。參考文獻(xiàn)［1］建筑系統(tǒng)房屋應(yīng)急評(píng)估專家組. 關(guān)于玉樹4·14大地震房屋建筑破壞情況的報(bào)告［R］.玉樹，2010.［2］GB50011—2001建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范［S］.北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社, 2001.［3］王亞勇.汶川地震建筑震害啟示——三水準(zhǔn)設(shè)防和抗震設(shè)計(jì)基本要求［J］.建筑結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)報(bào), 2008, 29(4): 26-33.［4］李碧雄,謝和平,鄧建輝,等.汶川地震中房屋建筑震害特征及抗震設(shè)計(jì)思考［J］.防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工程學(xué)報(bào), 2009, 29(2): 224-230.［5］繆小龍.四川農(nóng)房抗震設(shè)計(jì)分析與建設(shè)［J］. 四川建筑科學(xué)研究, 2009, 35(4): 157-159.［6］中華人民共和國(guó)防震減災(zāi)法［S］.北京: 中國(guó)法制出版社, 2009.［7］韓麗霞,金德保,莫庸.鋼筋混凝土多層框架柱震害初步分析［J］. 工程抗震與加固改造,2008, 30(4):41-44.［8］謝禮立，馬玉紅，翟長(zhǎng)海. 基于性態(tài)的抗震設(shè)防與設(shè)計(jì)地震動(dòng)［M］. 北京：科學(xué)出版社，2009.［9］GHOBARAH A. Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: State of development ［J］. Engineering Structures,2001, 23(8):878-884.［10］李剛，程耿東. 基于性能的結(jié)構(gòu)抗震設(shè)計(jì)：理論、方法與應(yīng)用 ［M］. 北京：科學(xué)出版社，2004.
［11］GHANDLER A M, LAM NELSON T K. Performancebased design in earth
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