地下室防水設(shè)計(jì)若干問題探討
范重，曹爽，劉濤
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（中國(guó)建筑設(shè)計(jì)院有限公司， 北京 100044）
［摘要］地下室防水設(shè)計(jì)涉及面廣，與建筑使用功能密切相關(guān)，對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)的安全性與耐久性影響很大。在地下室防水設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，應(yīng)兼顧安全性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性。對(duì)地下室水浮力計(jì)算方法進(jìn)行了回顧，分析了抗浮措施的適用性，并對(duì)地下室結(jié)構(gòu)抗浮穩(wěn)定性驗(yàn)算中存在的問題進(jìn)行了討論。深入探討了混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)剛性防水與卷材防水的特點(diǎn)，同時(shí)對(duì)自防水混凝土構(gòu)件的最小厚度、裂縫寬度以及保護(hù)層厚度等需要注意的問題進(jìn)行了討論。分別采用無梁樓蓋經(jīng)驗(yàn)系數(shù)法與有限單元法對(duì)地下室防水底板進(jìn)行內(nèi)力分析，對(duì)其計(jì)算結(jié)果的差異進(jìn)行了比較。針對(duì)超長(zhǎng)地下室施工后澆帶存在的問題，對(duì)跳倉(cāng)法施工技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行了討論。最后，對(duì)地下室結(jié)構(gòu)的腐蝕機(jī)理與相應(yīng)的防腐蝕措施要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了闡述。［關(guān)鍵詞］地下室; 抗浮; 防水; 防水板計(jì)算方法; 跳倉(cāng)法施工; 防腐蝕中圖分類號(hào)：TU318 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A 文章編號(hào)：1002-848X(2016)06-0001-11
Discussion on several issues about the design of waterproofing of basementFan Zhong, Cao Shuang, Liu Tao(China Architecture Design Group, Beijing 100044, China)Abstract:The design of waterproofing of basement is broad in scope, closely related to the building functions and has big influence on security and durability of structures. Consideration must be given to both the security and economy in the design of waterproofing of basement. The calculation method of water buoyancy of basement was reviewed, the applicability of anti-buoyancy measures was analyzed and the problems of calculating anti-buoyancy stability of the basement structures were discussed. The characteristics of rigid and flexible waterproof of concrete structures and minimum thickness, crack width and depth of the concrete cover of self-waterproof concrete member were discussed in depth. The internal force of basement floor for waterproof by using flat plate empirical coefficient method and finite element method was analyzed and the differences of the results were compared. For the problems of the late poured band in the super long basement, the key links of alternative bay construction method were discussed. Finally, the corrosion mechanism of the basement structure and the corresponding corrosion protection measures were expounded.Keywords:basement; anti-buoyancy of structure; waterproofing; calculation method of basement floor for waterproof; alternative bay construction method; anticorrosion
作者簡(jiǎn)介：范重，博士，教授級(jí)高級(jí)工程師，一級(jí)注冊(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)工程師，Email：fanz@cadg.cn。
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