開洞高層建筑風壓分布特性試驗研究*
李永貴1, 李秋勝2,3
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(1 湖南科技大學土木工程學院，湘潭 411201； 2 湖南大學建筑安全與節(jié)能教育部重點實驗室，長沙 410082； 3 香港城市大學建筑學及土木工程學系，香港 999077)
［摘要］對開洞高層建筑剛性模型進行了風洞測壓試驗?；谠囼灲Y(jié)果，分析了立面和洞口表面的風壓分布規(guī)律，研究了洞口表面脈動風壓的功率譜。結(jié)果表明：當洞口軸線方向與來流方向一致時，迎風面洞口附近區(qū)域的平均風壓系數(shù)總體上比立面不開洞時減小，少數(shù)測點的平均風壓系數(shù)增大，脈動風壓系數(shù)變化較??；背風面平均風壓系數(shù)總體上比立面不開洞時減小，但洞口附近局部平均風壓系數(shù)增大可達40%，脈動風壓系數(shù)的變化規(guī)律與平均風壓系數(shù)類似；側(cè)風面平均風壓系數(shù)和脈動風壓系數(shù)比立面不開洞時均有不同程度的減?。欢纯趦?nèi)部為負風壓，脈動風壓的功率譜與一般高層建筑側(cè)風面氣流分離區(qū)域脈動風壓的功率譜有明顯差異。最后，給出了設(shè)置兩個洞口時，立面極值風壓系數(shù)的影響系數(shù)以及洞口表面極值風壓系數(shù)的分布圖。［關(guān)鍵詞］開洞高層建筑; 風洞試驗; 風壓分布中圖分類號：TU312+.1，TU973 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2015)13-0079-07
Experimental study on wind pressure distribution characteristics of the tall building with openingsLi Yonggui1, Li Qiusheng2,3（1 School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency of the Ministry of Education, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; 3 Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering，City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong 999077, China）Abstract: Wind pressure measurements of the tall building rigid models with openings were carried out in a wind tunnel. Based on the test results, the wind pressure distribution laws of the building facade and the opening surface were investigated as well as the power spectral densities of the fluctuating pressures on the opening surface. The results indicate that when the direction of the opening axis is consistent to the flow direction,the mean wind pressure coefficients on the windward faces near the openings is smaller than those on the facade without openings, although the mean wind pressure coefficients on few points increase. Meanwhile, the fluctuating wind pressure coefficients change little. On the leeward faces, compared with the facade without openings, the mean wind pressure coefficients is smaller as a whole, while those near the openings increase by up to 40%. The variation law of the fluctuating wind pressure coefficients is similar to that of the mean wind pressure coefficients. The mean and fluctuating wind pressure coefficients on the side faces are smaller with varying degrees than those on the facade without openings. The mean wind pressures on the opening surfaces are generally negative, and the power spectral densities of the fluctuating wind pressures on the openings surfaces are obviously different to those on flow separation regions of general tall building side faces. For the case of two openings in the tall building, contours of the influence coefficients for peak wind pressure coefficient on the facade and peak wind pressure coefficients on the opening surfaces were given.Keywords:tall building with opening; wind tunnel test; wind pressure distribution
*國家自然科學基金（51178179），湖南省自然科學基金（14JJ6026）。作者簡介：李永貴，博士，講師，Email：lyg313@126.com。
