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(1 重慶大學(xué)土木工程學(xué)院，重慶 400045； 2 重慶陳曾建筑工程設(shè)計(jì)事務(wù)所，重慶 400045)
［摘要］以5·12汶川地震樓梯結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際震害調(diào)查結(jié)果為基礎(chǔ)，分析了地震層間位移條件下樓梯結(jié)構(gòu)的受力特點(diǎn)和破壞機(jī)理，指出梯段及平臺(tái)板受到層間剪切變形引起的拉力和壓力作用，可能引發(fā)樓梯斷裂、板底鋼筋錨固失效及平臺(tái)扭轉(zhuǎn)等問題，對(duì)裝配式樓梯則可能造成樓梯坍塌；提出了將梯段板上端整體連接、下端簡(jiǎn)支的構(gòu)造作法，可以消除層間位移引起的梯段軸力。
［關(guān)鍵詞］汶川地震；樓梯震害；樓梯抗震設(shè)計(jì)
Special failure modes of stair structures by Wenchuan Earthquake and its countermeasures
Quan Xueyou1, Mi Wei1, Zhang Zhiqiang2(1 College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; 2 Chongqing Chenzeng Architecture Engineering Design Firm, Chongqing 400045, China)
Abstract:Based on the spot field investigation of the damages of stair structures caused by 5·12 Wenchuan Earthquake, mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of stair structure under inter-story shift have been studied. It was pointed out that stair flights and stair landing must suffer tension and compression force caused by earthquake inter-story shift, and thereby results in breaking of stair concrete, anchorage failure of bottom bars and potential rotational displacement of stair landing, as well as collapse of prefabricated assembly stairs. Practical seismic design measures for stair structures, with which axial forces caused by inter-story drift may be eliminated, have been proposed. Details with the upper end of stair flight monolithically integrated and the lower end simply supported have been recommended.
Keywords:Wenchuan Earthquake; earthquake damage of stair; seismic design of stair
作者簡(jiǎn)介：全學(xué)友，博士，副教授，Email：quanxueyou@163.com。
參考文獻(xiàn)
［1］GB50011—2001建筑抗震設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范［S］. 北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社，2001.
［2］GB50010—2002混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范［S］. 北京：中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社，2002.
［3］胡慶昌. 鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)樓梯間與樓梯的震害及設(shè)計(jì)建議［J］. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)，2005，35(11)：31-32.