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(中國建筑科學(xué)研究院，北京 100013)
［摘要］通過對汶川地震中教學(xué)樓倒塌的調(diào)查分析，指出結(jié)構(gòu)的整體穩(wěn)固性差、傳力體系單薄、缺乏冗余約束和備用傳力途徑、連接-造措施缺失且多不符合規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖的要求，致使在強(qiáng)震作用下構(gòu)件解體，結(jié)構(gòu)倒塌。鑒于問題的普遍性，應(yīng)盡快開展教學(xué)樓結(jié)構(gòu)安全普查，并通過再設(shè)計(jì)改建加固。并反思了結(jié)構(gòu)的安全層次，提出了結(jié)構(gòu)抗倒塌設(shè)計(jì)以及既有結(jié)構(gòu)再設(shè)計(jì)的概念，對今后結(jié)構(gòu)科研方向的調(diào)整及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范的作用提出了建議。
［關(guān)鍵詞］村鎮(zhèn)教學(xué)樓；震害分析；倒塌；反思；普查
Lessons from Wenchuan seismic damage:introspection on the collapse of classroom buildings
Xu Youlin(China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China)
Abstract:Based on the analysis of the collapse of the classroom buildings in Wenchuan Earthquake, it can be seen that the structural overall stability is poor, the transferring system is weak, and the redundant constraint and the spare force conducting way are lack. Moreover, the deficiency of the connection-onstruction measures does not follow the requirements of Code and GJBT. For the above-entioned reasons, under the action of the strong shock, the unit construction disjointed and structural collapsed ultimately. Given the universality of the problems, the safety survey about classroom buildings is imminent, and the alteration and the fortification through redesign also should be carried out. Due to the self-xamination about safety layers of structure, the concepts of the design methods for preventing progressive collapse and the established structure redesign are put forward. Furthermore, the adjustment of the future research directions and the effect of standard specification are advised.
Keywords:classroom buildings of village and small town; seismic damage investigation; collapse; introspection; general survey
作者簡介：徐有鄰，博士，研究員,Email:xuyoulin@cabrtech.com。
參考文獻(xiàn)
［1］徐有鄰. 汶川地震震害調(diào)查及對建筑結(jié)構(gòu)安全的反思［M］.北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2009.
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