基于剛度相似的模型動力試驗研究*
蔣林， 尚守平， 文學章， 甘宜誠
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（湖南大學土木工程學院， 長沙 410082）［摘要］在模型動力試驗的基礎上，對剛度相似進行了理論分析。選取同材料不同規(guī)格的三個鋼管，做成剛度相近的三個模型，對模型做牽引釋放試驗，分別測量上部質(zhì)量塊的加速度、速度和位移。在鋼管底部側(cè)邊粘貼豎向應變片測量底部的豎向動應變。模型的動力、應變衰減曲線表現(xiàn)良好，同時加速度、速度衰減曲線具有較好的相似性；相同力牽引釋放下，剛度大的模型的加速度、速度和位移小。試驗證明：在彈性范圍內(nèi)，模型間的加速度與速度基本符合剛度比的倒數(shù)關系，垂直于重力方向的動力模型試驗可采用剛度相似模型進行，誤差在5%以內(nèi)。［關鍵詞］牽引釋放; 相似關系; 動力試驗; 剛度相似比中圖分類號：TU311.3, TU317+1 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2014)19-0072-03Research on model dynamic tests based on stiffness similarityJiang Lin, Shang Shouping, Wen Xuezhang, Gan Yicheng(Civil Engineering College, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)Abstract: On the basis of the model dynamic tests, the stiffness similarity was analyzed in theory. Three steel tubes in similar material but different specifications were selected to make three models with the similar stiffness similarity. Traction and release tests of the models were carried out and the acceleration, velocity and displacement of the upper mass were measured. A vertical strain gauge was stuck at the bottom of the steel tube to measure the vertical dynamic strain of the bottom. The dynamic attenuation curves and strain attenuation curves performed well. The attenuation curves of acceleration and velocity showed a good similarity. Under the same traction and release forces, the acceleration, velocity and displacement were smaller for the model with bigger stiffness. The tests prove that the acceleration and velocity of models at the elastic stage are in line with the reciprocal relationship of stiffness ratio. Dynamic model test perpendicular to the direction of gravity can adopt stiffness similarity model, and the error is within 5%.Keywords:traction and release; similarity relation; dynamic test; similarity ratio of stiffness*國家十二五科技支撐計劃項目（2011BAJ08B02）。作者簡介：蔣林，碩士研究生，Email：jianglin@hnu.edu.cn。參考文獻［1］呂西林,沈德建.不同比例鋼-混凝土混合結構高層建筑動力相似關系試驗研究［J］. 地震工程與工程振動,2008,28(4):50-57.［2］宋二祥,武思宇,王宗綱.地基-結構系統(tǒng)振動臺模型試驗中相似比的實現(xiàn)問題探討［J］.土木工程學報,2008,41(10):87-92.［3］呂西林,陳躍慶.結構-地基相互作用體系的動力相似關系研究［J］. 地震工程與工程振動,2001,21(3):85-92.［4］李國強,周向明,丁翔.高層建筑鋼-混凝土混合結構模型模擬地震振動臺試驗研究［J］. 建筑結構學報,2001,22(4):2-6.［5］武敏剛,呂西林.混合結構振動臺模型試驗研究與計算分析［J］. 地震工程與工程振動,2004,24(6):103-108.［6］LU Y, VINTZILEOU E, ZHANG G F, et al. Reinforced concrete scaled columns under cyclic actions［J］. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 1999(18):151-167.［7］項貽強, 吳孫堯, 段元鋒. 基于剛度相似原理的斜拉橋模型設計方法［J］. 實驗力學,2010,25(4):438-443.［8］克拉夫 R，彭津 J. 結構動力學［M］. 王光遠，譯.北京：人民交通出版社,1996.
