RC框架結構樓梯震害的試驗研究及有限元分析*
肖疆，尹保江，程紹革，趙向麗
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（中國建筑科學研究院工程抗震研究所， 北京 100013）［摘要］汶川地震中樓梯間破壞嚴重，使得樓梯震害成為抗震設計中的一個熱門研究課題。按照傳統(tǒng)方法設計、制作了1/3縮尺的單層框架結構樓梯間模型，并對其進行了低周反復荷載試驗。描述了樓梯間結構的破壞形態(tài)，再現了樓梯間的震害規(guī)律，分析了承載力骨架曲線、剛度退化、結構延性與耗能性能。試驗結果表明，樓梯在整個彈塑性變形中提供了明顯的支承力，其抗側剛度不可忽略，且在樓梯間開裂后其耗能性能變化不大。最后還采用MSC.MARC有限元軟件對試驗模型進行了數值模擬分析，從裂縫開展、塑性鉸形成機制及承載力骨架曲線幾個方面與試驗結果進行了對比，對比結果表明，有限元模擬結果與試驗結果吻合較好。［關鍵詞］框架結構; 樓梯; 低周反復荷載試驗; 樓梯震害; 有限元分析中圖分類號：TU375.4 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2014)05-0012-05Experimental research and finite element analysis on seismic damage for staircases of RC frame structuresXiao Jiang, Yin Baojiang, Cheng Shaoge, Zhao Xiangli(Institute of Earthquake Engineering, China Academy of Building Research, Beijing 100013, China)Abstract: Staircases, which suffered serious damage in the Wenchuan Earthquake, have become a hot topic for seismic design. A 1/3 scale staircase model, which was designed and constructed by traditional method, was set in a one-story RC frame structure to carry out the low-cyclic reversed loading test. The failure mode of staircases was represented and the damage law of staircases was reappeared. Skeleton curve of bearing capacity, stiffness degradation, ductility and dissipation capacity of the model were analyzed. Results indicate that the staircases provide certain supporting force during the elasto-plastic deformation and its lateral stiffness should not be disregarded. The dissipation capacity of the model changes little after staircases crack. In the end, finite element software MSC. MARC was used to simulate the experimental model. The simulation results such as crack development, plastic hinge mechanism and skeleton curve of the finite element model agree very well with the experimental data.Keywords: frame structure; staircase; low-cyclic reversed loading test; seismic damage of staircase; finite element analysis*住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設部支持項目(2009-k2-17)，中國建筑科學研究院基金項目(20080122330730006)。作者簡介：肖疆，碩士，助理工程師，Email：tmgcxj@sina.com。參考文獻［1］尹保江,黃世敏，程紹革，等.汶川地震中建筑樓梯震害原因分析［M］//汶川地震建筑震害調查與災后重建分析報告.北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2008.［2］中國建筑科學研究院.2008年汶川地震建筑震害圖片集［M］.北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2008.［3］羅開海，王亞勇，左瓊.地震作用下鋼筋混凝土框架結構中樓梯構件的影響效果分析［J］.建筑結構，2011,41（11）：88-93，136.［4］吳小賓，馮遠，熊耀清，等.帶樓梯框架結構靜力推覆分析及彈塑性性能研究［J］.建筑結構，2011,41（3）：31-35.［5］馮遠，吳小賓，李從春，等.現澆樓梯對框架結構的抗震影響分析與設計建議［J］.土木工程學報，2010,43（10）：53-62.［6］GB 50011—2001建筑抗震設計規(guī)范［S］.北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2001.［7］GB 50010—2002混凝土結構設計規(guī)范［S］.北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2002.［8］陸新征，葉列平，繆志偉，等.建筑抗震彈塑性分析——原理、模型與在ABAQUS，MSC.MARC和SAP2000上的實踐［M］.北京：中國建筑工業(yè)出版社，2009.
