氣承式膜結(jié)構(gòu)緊急情況下人員疏散時間簡化計算*
卿強1，龔景海1，李中立2
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（1 上海交通大學土木工程系， 上海 200240； 2 北京中天久業(yè)膜建筑技術(shù)有限公司， 北京 100096）［摘要］對美國空氣支撐結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)標準ASCE 17-96 第3.3.1.3條關(guān)于氣承式膜結(jié)構(gòu)泄氣時間英標與國標兩種單位制下簡化計算公式進行分析對比，發(fā)現(xiàn)應急門打開、人員疏散時的泄氣量國標計算公式存在錯誤；基于伯努利方程推導泄氣量的近似計算公式，并對標準中的國標計算公式進行了改正。在對北京市亦莊羽毛球館充氣膜結(jié)構(gòu)進行泄氣試驗的基礎(chǔ)上，得到其正常使用情況下的近似泄氣量；參照美國空氣支撐結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)標準采用國標單位制對該工程緊急情況下人員疏散時泄氣時間進行了計算。結(jié)合所做的泄氣試驗闡述了該簡化計算方法的不足之處。［關(guān)鍵詞］氣承式膜結(jié)構(gòu); 泄氣量; 泄氣試驗; 泄氣時間中圖分類號：TU353 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：1002-848X(2013)22-0096-04Simplified calculation method for deflation of an air-supported membrane structure under emergency evacuation conditionsQing Qiang1, Gong Jinghai1, Li Zhongli2(1 Department of Civil Engineering of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; 2 Beijing Z & T Fabric Architecture Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100096, China)Abstract: Simplified formulas to calculate the deflation time of air-supported membrane structures are given by the content 3.3.1.3 in Air-supported structures standards ASCE 17-96. The respective deflation index results of the British standard units and the international standard units were calculated and compared to find that there exists a mistake in the formula in international standard units to calculate air loss due to exiting in case of emergency evacuation. The approximate calculation formula of air loss was developed and corrected based on Bernoulli’s Equation. A deflation experiment was conducted on an air-supported membrane structure of the Yi Zhuang Badminton Hall in Beijing, the normal operating air loss was obtained, and the deflation time for emergency evacuation was calculated in international units according to the Air-supported structures standards. Inadequacies of the simplified calculation method were described based on the deflation experiment.Keywords: air-supported membrane structure; air loss; deflation experiment; deflation time*國家自然科學基金（5117863）。作者簡介：卿強，博士研究生，Email：qingqiang1990@sjtu.edu.cn。參考文獻［1］李中立,宋小兵,龔景海. 充氣式膜結(jié)構(gòu)歷史回顧及現(xiàn)狀［C］//慶祝劉錫良教授八十華誕暨第八屆全國現(xiàn)代結(jié)構(gòu)工程學術(shù)研討會論文集.天津，2008.［2］ASCE 17-96 Air-supported structures standards［S］. American Society of Civil Engineers, 1997.［3］CECS 158∶2004 膜結(jié)構(gòu)技術(shù)規(guī)程［S］. 北京: 中國計劃出版社, 2004.［4］叢峻. 復雜空間結(jié)構(gòu)表面風壓的數(shù)值模擬——筒殼分析［D］. 北京: 北京建筑工程學院, 2009.
